Selection of Publications of Hospital or nosocomial Infections

MedicCleanAir and nosocomial infections through airborne contaminants.

 

Aspergillus.
A prospective study on factors influencing aspergillus spore load in the air during renovation works in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.
Dr. L.Mahieu, Department of Paediatrics, Division Neonatology, University Hospital of Antwerp: http://www.uza.uia.ac.be
©The Hospital Infection Society http://www.harcourt-international.com

Summary:
The relationship between air contamination (cfu/m³) with fungal spores especially Aspergillus spp. in three renovation areas of a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and colonization and infection rates in a high care area (HC) equipped with high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration and a high pressure system, was evaluated.
Multivariate analysis revealed that renovation works and air concentration of Aspergillus spp. spores in the medium care area (MC) resulted in a significant increase of the concentration in the HC of the NICU. The use of a mobile HEPA air filtration system (MedicCleanAir^®, Willebroek, Belgium) caused a significant decrease of the Aspergillus spp. concentration.

 

Headlines from scientific publications on nosocomial infections.

Europe

"40,000 deaths annually in the Federal Republic of Germany"
source: Institut für Sozialmedizin und Epidemiologie, Bundesgesundheitsamtes Berlin.

 

"Results: nosocomial pneumonia developed in 328 patients (16.6%) whose mortality was
52.4 % compared with 22.4% for patients without ICU-acquired pneumonia".
source: JAMA 1996 Mar20;275(11):866-9

 

"25 % of all ICU-patients acquire one or more nosocomial infections"
source: Rijks Instituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieuhygiene (RIVM)

Annually around 100,000 nosocomial infections, estimated costs 1,6 billion euro.
source: U.K. National Audit

 

For a 1,000 bed university hospital, the annual extra costs of nosocomial infections was $6-$7
million. The extra cost per infected patient was $2,200. Hospital infections are generating high extra costs and morbidity in countries with good general health care and with few problems with resistant bacteria.
source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1998 Oct;19(10):805-7

 

Nosocomial infections are a major challenge for modern medicine and contribute to increased resource use in health care systems.
source: Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1998 Dec 12;128(50):1973-83

 

Nosocomial infections constitute an important health problem with morbidity, and high mortality, prolongation of hospital stay, and increased costs of direct patient care.
source: J Chemother 1997 Dec;9(6):411-4

 

USA

Extra hospital and SICU length of stay attributable to bloodstream infection was 24 and 8 days, respectively. Extra costs attributable to the infection averaged $40,000 per survivor.
source: JAMA 1994 May 25;271(20):1598-601

 

Mexico

The mortality rate associated with intrahospitalary infections is ranking them in the third place of the most frequent causes of death in Mexico.
source: Departamento de Infectologia, Instituto Nacional de la Nutricion Salvador Zubiran.

 

Taiwan

The intensive care unit (ICU) is one of the most common locations in the hospital for the development of nosocomial respiratory tract infections (RTIs).
source: Chung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (Taipei) 1998 Oct;61(10):589-95

 

Brazil

"Treatment of cancer has contributed to a growing number of immunocompromised patients with life-threatening nosocomial infections (NI). High mortality with considerable cost is observed when they are admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).
source: Am J Infect Control 1997 Dec;25(6):458-62

 

Summary of Internet-information available on nosocomial infections.

Articles

This section holds articles and other special material submitted to the Aspergillus website.

 

July 3, 2000

Prevention of nosocomial disease

June 15, 2000
A prospective study on factors influencing aspergillus spore load in the air during renovation works in a neonatal intensive care unit

June 12, 2000
Two articles on Avian Aspergillosis from Allison German in the new Veterinary section:
1. Aspergillus spp. and Avian Aspergillosis: An Overview
2. Avian Immunology and Serological Assays

May 2000
Mycological control and surveillance of biological waste and compost

April 2000
Report on an European Science Foundation Workshop on Aspergillus and Aspergillosis (Diagnosis)

March 2000
Antigen detection in the diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis

March 2000
Proceedings of the Annecy Workshop on Invasive Fungal Infection

November 1999
About posaconazole

September 1999
Methods for sampling Aspergillus spores in air

July 1999
Aspergillosis in AIDS

June 1999
Report on a European Science Foundation workshop on invasive aspergillosis

May 1999
Aspergillosis in neonates and infants at or below 3 months of age

 

Online Articles - updated 6th July 2000.

 

Official Journal of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America.
http://www.slackinc.com

o.a. Volume 19 (10) October 1998.
University Hospital Oslo Norway 1.000 beds.

• Infection rate patients 8.5 % in 1995.
• 14.500 days of extra stay in the hospital
  
• Direct related economic consequences of hospital infections in this hospital:
  between $ 6 - $ 7 million.
• Extra direct costs per infected patient $ 2.200

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology
http://healthlinkusa.com

o.a. Volume 17 (8) August 1996
From the Fourth International Conference on the Prevention of Infection (abstract)
Selected aspects of the socioeconomic Impact of Nosocomial Infections
Morbidity, Mortality, Cost and Prevention.

• 2 million nosocomial infections occur annually in the United States.
• excess duration of hospitalisation secondary to nosocomial infections:
  1-4 days for urinary tract infections
  7-8,2 days for surgical site infections
  7-21 days for bloodstream infections
  6.8-30 days for pneumonia.
• Estimated mortalities associated with nosocomial bloodtream infections and pneumonia are 23.8 to 50 % and 14.8 to 71 % (overall)
• Estimated average costs
  $ 558 to $ 593 for each urinary tract infection
  $ 2,734 for each surgical site infection
  $ 3,061 to $40,000 for each bloodstream infection
  $ 4,947 for each pneumonia.
  Hospital loss for each nosocomial infection from $ 583 to $ 4,886.

Journal of Hospital Infection
http://hbuk.co.uk

 

Hospital Infection Society
http://his.org.uk
http://harcourt-international.com

 

http://medscape.com
search for medline - hospital infections

 

Summary from a selection of scientific Publications on Hospital or Nosocomial Infections.